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From: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

 Split v. t. [imp. & p. p. Split (Splitted, R.); p. pr. & vb. n. Splitting.]
 1. To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by force; to divide in the direction of the grain or layers; to rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber or a board; to split a gem; to split a sheepskin.
    Cold winter split the rocks in twain.   --Dryden.
 2. To burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear asunder.
    A huge vessel of exceeding hard marble split asunder by congealed water.   --Boyle.
 3. To divide or break up into parts or divisions, as by discord; to separate into parts or parties, as a political party; to disunite. [Colloq.]
 4. Chem. To divide or separate into components; -- often used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid.
 To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.