五口通商 [ㄨˇ ㄎㄡˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ; wu3 kou3 tong1 shang1] the five treaty ports forced on Qing China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing 南京條約 that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou 廣州, Fuzhou 福州, Ningbo 寧波, Xiamen or Amoy 廈門 and Shanghai 上海 ◄ ►