pen·al·ty /ˈpɛnḷti/
 刑法,處罰,懲罰,體罰


 penalty
 懲罰;(性能等的)損失


 penalty
 懲罰


 Pe·nal·ty n.; pl. Penalties
 1. Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.
    Death is the penalty imposed.   --Milton.
 2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.
    The penalty and forfeit of my bond.   --Shak.
 3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant]
 Note: ☞ The term penalty is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary punishment.
 Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill.
 On penalty of, or Under penalty of, on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of transgression.

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 penalty
      n 1: the act of punishing [syn: punishment, penalization, penalisation]
      2: a payment required for not fulfilling a contract
      3: the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or
         condition; "neglected his health and paid the penalty"
         [ant: advantage]
      4: (games) a handicap or disadvantage that is imposed on a
         competitor (or a team) for an infraction of the rules of
         the game