sanhedrim
 最高評議會兼最高法院


 San·he·drin San·he·drim n.  Jewish Antiq. the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.

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 Sanhedrim
    more correctly Sanhedrin (Gr. synedrion), meaning "a sitting
    together," or a "council." This word (rendered "council," A.V.)
    is frequently used in the New Testament (Matt. 5:22; 26:59; Mark
    15:1, etc.) to denote the supreme judicial and administrative
    council of the Jews, which, it is said, was first instituted by
    Moses, and was composed of seventy men (Num. 11:16, 17). But
    that seems to have been only a temporary arrangement which Moses
    made. This council is with greater probability supposed to have
    originated among the Jews when they were under the domination of
    the Syrian kings in the time of the Maccabees. The name is first
    employed by the Jewish historian Josephus. This "council" is
    referred to simply as the "chief priests and elders of the
    people" (Matt. 26:3, 47, 57, 59; 27:1, 3, 12, 20, etc.), before
    whom Christ was tried on the charge of claiming to be the
    Messiah. Peter and John were also brought before it for
    promulgating heresy (Acts. 4:1-23; 5:17-41); as was also Stephen
    on a charge of blasphemy (6:12-15), and Paul for violating a
    temple by-law (22:30; 23:1-10).

      The Sanhedrin is said to have consisted of seventy-one
    members, the high priest being president. They were of three
    classes (1) the chief priests, or heads of the twenty-four
    priestly courses (1 Chr. 24), (2) the scribes, and (3) the
    elders. As the highest court of judicature, "in all causes and
    over all persons, ecclesiastical and civil, supreme," its
    decrees were binding, not only on the Jews in Palestine, but on
    all Jews wherever scattered abroad. Its jurisdiction was greatly
    curtailed by Herod, and afterwards by the Romans. Its usual
    place of meeting was within the precincts of the temple, in the
    hall "Gazith," but it sometimes met also in the house of the
    high priest (Matt. 26:3), who was assisted by two
    vice-presidents.