so·cial·ism /ˈsoʃəˌlɪzəm/
 社會主義,社會主義運動


 So·cial·ism n.  A theory or system of social reform which contemplates a complete reconstruction of society, with a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor. In popular usage, the term is often employed to indicate any lawless, revolutionary social scheme. See Communism, Fourierism, Saint-Simonianism, forms of socialism.
    [Socialism] was first applied in England to Owen's theory of social reconstruction, and in France to those also of St. Simon and Fourier . . . The word, however, is used with a great variety of meaning, . . . even by economists and learned critics. The general tendency is to regard as socialistic any interference undertaken by society on behalf of the poor, . . . radical social reform which disturbs the present system of private property . . . The tendency of the present socialism is more and more to ally itself with the most advanced democracy.   --Encyc. Brit.
    We certainly want a true history of socialism, meaning by that a history of every systematic attempt to provide a new social existence for the mass of the workers.   --F. Harrison.
 -- Socialism of the chair , a term applied about 1872, at first in ridicule, to a group of German political economists who advocated state aid for the betterment of the working classes.

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 socialism
      n 1: a political theory advocating state ownership of industry
      2: an economic system based on state ownership of capital [syn:
          socialist economy] [ant: capitalism]