dis·per·sion /dɪˈspɝʒən, ʃən/
 散布
 dis·per·sion /dɪsˈpɝʒən, ʃən/ 名詞
 分散,色散,(標準)差量
 dispersion
 分散
 Dis·per·sion n.
 1. The act or process of scattering or dispersing, or the state of being scattered or separated; as, the Jews in their dispersion retained their rites and ceremonies; a great dispersion of the human family took place at the building of Babel.
    The days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished.   --Jer. xxv. 34.
 2. Opt. The separation of light into its different colored rays, arising from their different refrangibilities.
 Dispersion of the optic axes Crystallog., the separation of the optic axes in biaxial crystals, due to the fact that the axial angle has different values for the different colors of the spectrum.
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 dispersion
      n 1: spreading widely or driving off [syn: scattering]
      2: the spatial property of being scattered about over an area
         or volume [syn: distribution] [ant: concentration]
      3: the act of dispersing or diffusing something; "the
         dispersion of the troops"; "the diffusion of knowledge"
         [syn: dispersal, dissemination, diffusion]
 Dispersion
    (Gr. diaspora, "scattered," James 1:1; 1 Pet. 1:1) of the Jews.
    At various times, and from the operation of divers causes, the
    Jews were separated and scattered into foreign countries "to the
    outmost parts of heaven" (Deut. 30:4).
      (1.) Many were dispersed over Assyria, Media, Babylonia, and
    Persia, descendants of those who had been transported thither by
    the Exile. The ten tribes, after existing as a separate kingdom
    for two hundred and fifty-five years, were carried captive (B.C.
    721) by Shalmaneser (or Sargon), king of Assyria. They never
    returned to their own land as a distinct people, although many
    individuals from among these tribes, there can be no doubt,
    joined with the bands that returned from Babylon on the
    proclamation of Cyrus.
      (2.) Many Jews migrated to Egypt and took up their abode
    there. This migration began in the days of Solomon (2 Kings
    18:21, 24; Isa. 30:7). Alexander the Great placed a large number
    of Jews in Alexandria, which he had founded, and conferred on
    them equal rights with the Egyptians. Ptolemy Philadelphus, it
    is said, caused the Jewish Scriptures to be translated into
    Greek (the work began B.C. 284), for the use of the Alexandrian
    Jews. The Jews in Egypt continued for many ages to exercise a
    powerful influence on the public interests of that country. From
    Egypt they spread along the coast of Africa to Cyrene (Acts
    2:10) and to Ethiopia (8:27).
      (3.) After the time of Seleucus Nicator (B.C. 280), one of the
    captains of Alexander the Great, large numbers of Jews migrated
    into Syria, where they enjoyed equal rights with the
    Macedonians. From Syria they found their way into Asia Minor.
    Antiochus the Great, king of Syria and Asia, removed 3,000
    families of Jews from Mesopotamia and Babylonia, and planted
    them in Phrygia and Lydia.
      (4.) From Asia Minor many Jews moved into Greece and
    Macedonia, chiefly for purposes of commerce. In the apostles'
    time they were found in considerable numbers in all the
    principal cities.
      From the time of Pompey the Great (B.C. 63) numbers of Jews
    from Palestine and Greece went to Rome, where they had a
    separate quarter of the city assigned to them. Here they enjoyed
    considerable freedom.
      Thus were the Jews everywhere scattered abroad. This, in the
    overruling providence of God, ultimately contributed in a great
    degree toward opening the way for the spread of the gospel into
    all lands.
      Dispersion, from the plain of Shinar. This was occasioned by
    the confusion of tongues at Babel (Gen. 11:9). They were
    scattered abroad "every one after his tongue, after their
    families, in their nations" (Gen. 10:5, 20,31).
      The tenth chapter of Genesis gives us an account of the
    principal nations of the earth in their migrations from the
    plain of Shinar, which was their common residence after the
    Flood. In general, it may be said that the descendants of
    Japheth were scattered over the north, those of Shem over the
    central regions, and those of Ham over the extreme south. The
    following table shows how the different families were dispersed:
    |       - Japheth
    |          - Gomer
    |              Cimmerians, Armenians
    |          - Magog
    |              Caucasians, Scythians
    |          - Madal
    |              Medes and Persian tribes
    |          - Javan
    |              - Elishah
    |                  Greeks
    |              - Tarshish
    |                  Etruscans, Romans
    |              - Chittim
    |                  Cyprians, Macedonians
    |              - Dodanim
    |                  Rhodians
    |          - Tubal
    |              Tibareni, Tartars
    |          - Mechech
    |              Moschi, Muscovites
    |          - Tiras
    |              Thracians
    |
    |       - Shem
    |          - Elam
    |              Persian tribes
    |          - Asshur
    |              Assyrian
    |          - Arphaxad
    |              - Abraham
    |                  - Isaac
    |                      - Jacob
    |                          Hebrews
    |                      - Esau
    |                          Edomites
    |                  - Ishmael
    |                      Mingled with Arab tribes
    |          - Lud
    |              Lydians
    |          - Aram
    |              Syrians
    |
    |       - Ham
    |          - Cush
    |              Ethiopans
    |          - Mizrain
    |              Egyptians
    |          - Phut
    |              Lybians, Mauritanians
    |          - Canaan
    |              Canaanites, Phoenicians