sin /ˈsɪn/
 罪,犯罪,犯法,過失,失禮(vt.)(vi.)犯


 Sin adv., prep., & conj. Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
    Sin that his lord was twenty year of age.   --Chaucer.


 Sin, n.
 1. Transgression of the law of God; disobedience of the divine command; any violation of God's will, either in purpose or conduct; moral deficiency in the character; iniquity; as, sins of omission and sins of commission.
    Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin.   --John viii. 34.
    Sin is the transgression of the law.   --1 John iii. 4.
 I think 't no sin.
 To cozen him that would unjustly win.   --Shak.
 Enthralled
 By sin to foul, exorbitant desires.   --Milton.
 2. An offense, in general; a violation of propriety; a misdemeanor; as, a sin against good manners.
    I grant that poetry's a crying sin.   --Pope.
 3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
    He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.   --2 Cor. v. 21.
 4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person. [R.]
 Thy ambition,
 Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land
 Of noble Buckingham.   --Shak.
 Note: ☞ Sin is used in the formation of some compound words of obvious signification; as, sin-born; sin-bred, sin-oppressed, sin-polluted, and the like.
 Actual sin, Canonical sins, Original sin, Venial sin. See under Actual, Canonical, etc.
 Deadly sins, or Mortal sins R. C. Ch., willful and deliberate transgressions, which take away divine grace; -- in distinction from vental sins. The seven deadly sins are pride, covetousness, lust, wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth.
 Sin eater, a man who (according to a former practice in England) for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread laid on the chest of a dead person, whereby he was supposed to have taken the sins of the dead person upon himself.
 Sin offering, a sacrifice for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin.
 Syn: -- Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See Crime.


 Sin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sinned p. pr. & vb. n. Sinning.]
 1. To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular, by actual transgression or by the neglect or nonobservance of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty; -- often followed by against.
    Against thee, thee only, have I sinned.   --Ps. li. 4.
    All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.   --Rom. iii. 23.
 2. To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to commit an offense; to trespass; to transgress.
 I am a man
 More sinned against than sinning.   --Shak.
 Who but wishes to invert the laws
 Of order, sins against the eternal cause.   --Pope.

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 sin
      n 1: estrangement from god [syn: sinfulness, wickedness]
      2: an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of
         God's will [syn: sinning]
      3: ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse of a
         right-angled triangle [syn: sine]
      4: (Akkadian) god of the moon; counterpart of Sumerian Nanna
      5: the 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet
      6: violent and excited activity; "they began to fight like sin"
         [syn: hell]
      v 1: commit a sin; violate a law of God or a moral law [syn: transgress,
            trespass]
      2: commit a faux pas or a fault or make a serious mistake; "I
         blundered during the job interview" [syn: blunder, boob,
          goof]
      [also: sinning, sinned]


 Sin
    is "any want of conformity unto or transgression of the law of
    God" (1 John 3:4; Rom. 4:15), in the inward state and habit of
    the soul, as well as in the outward conduct of the life, whether
    by omission or commission (Rom. 6:12-17; 7:5-24). It is "not a
    mere violation of the law of our constitution, nor of the system
    of things, but an offence against a personal lawgiver and moral
    governor who vindicates his law with penalties. The soul that
    sins is always conscious that his sin is (1) intrinsically vile
    and polluting, and (2) that it justly deserves punishment, and
    calls down the righteous wrath of God. Hence sin carries with it
    two inalienable characters, (1) ill-desert, guilt (reatus); and
    (2) pollution (macula).", Hodge's Outlines.

      The moral character of a man's actions is determined by the
    moral state of his heart. The disposition to sin, or the habit
    of the soul that leads to the sinful act, is itself also sin
    (Rom. 6:12-17; Gal. 5:17; James 1:14, 15).

      The origin of sin is a mystery, and must for ever remain such
    to us. It is plain that for some reason God has permitted sin to
    enter this world, and that is all we know. His permitting it,
    however, in no way makes God the author of sin.

      Adam's sin (Gen. 3:1-6) consisted in his yielding to the
    assaults of temptation and eating the forbidden fruit. It
    involved in it, (1) the sin of unbelief, virtually making God a
    liar; and (2) the guilt of disobedience to a positive command.
    By this sin he became an apostate from God, a rebel in arms
    against his Creator. He lost the favour of God and communion
    with him; his whole nature became depraved, and he incurred the
    penalty involved in the covenant of works.

      Original sin. "Our first parents being the root of all
    mankind, the guilt of their sin was imputed, and the same death
    in sin and corrupted nature were conveyed to all their
    posterity, descending from them by ordinary generation." Adam
    was constituted by God the federal head and representative of
    all his posterity, as he was also their natural head, and
    therefore when he fell they fell with him (Rom. 5:12-21; 1 Cor.
    15:22-45). His probation was their probation, and his fall their
    fall. Because of Adam's first sin all his posterity came into
    the world in a state of sin and condemnation, i.e., (1) a state
    of moral corruption, and (2) of guilt, as having judicially
    imputed to them the guilt of Adam's first sin.

      "Original sin" is frequently and properly used to denote only
    the moral corruption of their whole nature inherited by all men
    from Adam. This inherited moral corruption consists in, (1) the
    loss of original righteousness; and (2) the presence of a
    constant proneness to evil, which is the root and origin of all
    actual sin. It is called "sin" (Rom. 6:12, 14, 17; 7:5-17), the
    "flesh" (Gal. 5:17, 24), "lust" (James 1:14, 15), the "body of
    sin" (Rom. 6:6), "ignorance," "blindness of heart," "alienation
    from the life of God" (Eph. 4:18, 19). It influences and
    depraves the whole man, and its tendency is still downward to
    deeper and deeper corruption, there remaining no recuperative
    element in the soul. It is a total depravity, and it is also
    universally inherited by all the natural descendants of Adam
    (Rom. 3:10-23; 5:12-21; 8:7). Pelagians deny original sin, and
    regard man as by nature morally and spiritually well;
    semi-Pelagians regard him as morally sick; Augustinians, or, as
    they are also called, Calvinists, regard man as described above,
    spiritually dead (Eph. 2:1; 1 John 3:14).

      The doctrine of original sin is proved, (1.) From the fact of
    the universal sinfulness of men. "There is no man that sinneth
    not" (1 Kings 8:46; Isa. 53:6; Ps. 130:3; Rom. 3:19, 22, 23;
    Gal. 3:22). (2.) From the total depravity of man. All men are
    declared to be destitute of any principle of spiritual life;
    man's apostasy from God is total and complete (Job 15:14-16;
    Gen. 6:5,6). (3.) From its early manifestation (Ps. 58:3; Prov.
    22:15). (4.) It is proved also from the necessity, absolutely
    and universally, of regeneration (John 3:3; 2 Cor. 5:17). (5.)
    From the universality of death (Rom. 5:12-20).

      Various kinds of sin are mentioned, (1.) "Presumptuous sins,"
    or as literally rendered, "sins with an uplifted hand", i.e.,
    defiant acts of sin, in contrast with "errors" or
    "inadvertencies" (Ps. 19:13). (2.) "Secret", i.e., hidden sins
    (19:12); sins which escape the notice of the soul. (3.) "Sin
    against the Holy Ghost" (q.v.), or a "sin unto death" (Matt.
    12:31, 32; 1 John 5:16), which amounts to a wilful rejection of
    grace.

      Sin, a city in Egypt, called by the Greeks Pelusium, which
    means, as does also the Hebrew name, "clayey" or "muddy," so
    called from the abundance of clay found there. It is called by
    Ezekel (Ezek. 30:15) "the strength of Egypt, "thus denoting its
    importance as a fortified city. It has been identified with the
    modern Tineh, "a miry place," where its ruins are to be found.
    Of its boasted magnificence only four red granite columns
    remain, and some few fragments of others.



 Sin, bush