gall /ˈgɔl/
 膽囊,膽汁,五倍子,苦味,腫痛,惱怒,磨損處(vt.)煩惱,屈辱,磨傷(vi.)被磨傷


 gall /ˈgɔl/ 名詞
 膽汁,沒食子


 Gall n.  Zool. An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.
 Note: ☞ The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria syn. Quercus Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.
 Gall insect Zool., any insect that produces galls.
 Gall midge Zool., any small dipterous insect that produces galls.
 Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce.
 Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. --Ure.-- Gall wasp. Zool. See Gallfly.


 Gall n.
 1. Physiol. The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.
 2. The gall bladder.
 3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.
    He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail.   --Lam. iii. 5.
    Comedy diverted without gall.   --Dryden.
 4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]
 Gall bladder Anat., the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.
 Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct.
 Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. --Dunglison.
 Gall of the earth Bot., an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.


 Gall, v. t. Dyeing To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts.


 Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.]
 1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.
    I am loth to gall a new-healed wound.   --Shak.
 2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.
 They that are most galled with my folly,
 They most must laugh.   --Shak.
 3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.
    In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows.   --Addison.


 Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.]


 Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

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 gall
      n 1: an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or
           badly adjusted saddle [syn: saddle sore]
      2: a skin sore caused by chafing
      3: abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or
         microorganisms or injury
      4: a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will [syn: resentment,
          bitterness, rancor, rancour]
      5: a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the
         gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats [syn: bile]
      6: the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take
         liberties [syn: crust, impertinence, impudence, insolence,
          cheekiness, freshness]
      v 1: become or make sore by or as if by rubbing [syn: chafe, fret]
      2: irritate or vex; "It galls me that we lost the suit" [syn: irk]


 Gall
    (1) Heb. mererah, meaning "bitterness" (Job 16:13); i.e., the
    bile secreted in the liver. This word is also used of the poison
    of asps (20:14), and of the vitals, the seat of life (25).

      (2.) Heb. rosh. In Deut. 32:33 and Job 20:16 it denotes the
    poison of serpents. In Hos. 10:4 the Hebrew word is rendered
    "hemlock." The original probably denotes some bitter, poisonous
    plant, most probably the poppy, which grows up quickly, and is
    therefore coupled with wormwood (Deut. 29:18; Jer. 9:15; Lam.
    3:19). Comp. Jer. 8:14; 23:15, "water of gall," Gesenius, "poppy
    juice;" others, "water of hemlock," "bitter water."

      (3.) Gr. chole (Matt. 27:34), the LXX. translation of the
    Hebrew _rosh_ in Ps. 69; 21, which foretells our Lord's
    sufferings. The drink offered to our Lord was vinegar (made of
    light wine rendered acid, the common drink of Roman soldiers)
    "mingled with gall," or, according to Mark (15:23), "mingled
    with myrrh;" both expressions meaning the same thing, namely,
    that the vinegar was made bitter by the infusion of wormwood or
    some other bitter substance, usually given, according to a
    merciful custom, as an anodyne to those who were crucified, to
    render them insensible to pain. Our Lord, knowing this, refuses
    to drink it. He would take nothing to cloud his faculties or
    blunt the pain of dying. He chooses to suffer every element of
    woe in the bitter cup of agony given him by the Father (John
    18:11).