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 Ne·he·mi·ah /ˌni(h)əˈmaɪə/
 紀元前5世紀的希伯萊領導人,尼希米記

 Nehemiah
      n : an Old Testament book telling how a Jewish official at the
          court of Artaxerxes I in 444 BC became a leader in
          rebuilding Jeruslaem after the Babylonian Captivity [syn:
           Book of Nehemiah]

 Nehemiah
    comforted by Jehovah. (1.) Ezra 2:2; Neh. 7:7. (2.) Neh. 3:16.
      (3.) The son of Hachaliah (Neh. 1:1), and probably of the
    tribe of Judah. His family must have belonged to Jerusalem (Neh.
    2:3). He was one of the "Jews of the dispersion," and in his
    youth was appointed to the important office of royal cup-bearer
    at the palace of Shushan. The king, Artaxerxes Longimanus, seems
    to have been on terms of friendly familiarity with his
    attendant. Through his brother Hanani, and perhaps from other
    sources (Neh. 1:2; 2:3), he heard of the mournful and desolate
    condition of the Holy City, and was filled with sadness of
    heart. For many days he fasted and mourned and prayed for the
    place of his fathers' sepulchres. At length the king observed
    his sadness of countenance and asked the reason of it. Nehemiah
    explained it all to the king, and obtained his permission to go
    up to Jerusalem and there to act as _tirshatha_, or governor of
    Judea. He went up in the spring of B.C. 446 (eleven years after
    Ezra), with a strong escort supplied by the king, and with
    letters to all the pashas of the provinces through which he had
    to pass, as also to Asaph, keeper of the royal forests,
    directing him to assist Nehemiah. On his arrival he set himself
    to survey the city, and to form a plan for its restoration; a
    plan which he carried out with great skill and energy, so that
    the whole was completed in about six months. He remained in
    Judea for thirteen years as governor, carrying out many reforms,
    notwithstanding much opposition that he encountered (Neh.
    13:11). He built up the state on the old lines, "supplementing
    and completing the work of Ezra," and making all arrangements
    for the safety and good government of the city. At the close of
    this important period of his public life, he returned to Persia
    to the service of his royal master at Shushan or Ecbatana. Very
    soon after this the old corrupt state of things returned,
    showing the worthlessness to a large extent of the professions
    that had been made at the feast of the dedication of the walls
    of the city (Neh. 12. See EZRA). Malachi now appeared
    among the people with words of stern reproof and solemn warning;
    and Nehemiah again returned from Persia (after an absence of
    some two years), and was grieved to see the widespread moral
    degeneracy that had taken place during his absence. He set
    himself with vigour to rectify the flagrant abuses that had
    sprung up, and restored the orderly administration of public
    worship and the outward observance of the law of Moses. Of his
    subsequent history we know nothing. Probably he remained at his
    post as governor till his death (about B.C. 413) in a good old
    age. The place of his death and burial is, however, unknown. "He
    resembled Ezra in his fiery zeal, in his active spirit of
    enterprise, and in the piety of his life: but he was of a
    bluffer and a fiercer mood; he had less patience with
    transgressors; he was a man of action rather than a man of
    thought, and more inclined to use force than persuasion. His
    practical sagacity and high courage were very markedly shown in
    the arrangement with which he carried through the rebuilding of
    the wall and balked the cunning plans of the 'adversaries.' The
    piety of his heart, his deeply religious spirit and constant
    sense of communion with and absolute dependence upon God, are
    strikingly exhibited, first in the long prayer recorded in ch.
    1:5-11, and secondly and most remarkably in what have been
    called his 'interjectional prayers', those short but moving
    addresses to Almighty God which occur so frequently in his
    writings, the instinctive outpouring of a heart deeply moved,
    but ever resting itself upon God, and looking to God alone for
    aid in trouble, for the frustration of evil designs, and for
    final reward and acceptance" (Rawlinson). Nehemiah was the last
    of the governors sent from the Persian court. Judea after this
    was annexed to the satrapy of Coele-Syria, and was governed by
    the high priest under the jurisdiction of the governor of Syria,
    and the internal government of the country became more and more
    a hierarchy.

 Nehemiah, consolation; repentance of the Lord