Sug·ar n.
 1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below.
 Note: ☞ The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate.
     The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light.
 2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
 3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.]
 Acorn sugar. See Quercite.
 Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose.
 Diabetes sugar, or Diabetic sugar Med. Chem., a variety of sugar (grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus; -- the presence of such a sugar in the urine is used to diagnose the illness.
 Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose.
 Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose.
 Invert sugar. See under Invert.
 Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose.
 Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite.
 Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose.
 Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses.  It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite.
 Pine sugar. See Pinite.
 Starch sugar Com. Chem., a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose.
 Sugar barek, one who refines sugar.
 Sugar beet Bot., a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them.
 Sugar berry Bot., the hackberry.
 Sugar bird Zool., any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera Coereba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family Coerebidae. They are allied to the honey eaters.
 Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard.
 Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made.
 Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.]
 Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar.
 Sugar cane Bot., a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar.
 Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
    Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf?   --J. Webster.
 -- Sugar maple Bot., the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple.
 Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed.
 Sugar mite. Zool. (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma.
 Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above.
 Sugar of milk. See under Milk.
 Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
 Sugar pine Bot., an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar.
 Sugar squirrel Zool., an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger.
 Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.
 Sugar tree. Bot. See Sugar maple, above.


 Fly·ing a.  Moving in the air with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for rapid movement.
 Flying army Mil. a body of cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to cover its own garrisons and to keep the enemy in continual alarm. --Farrow. --Flying artillery Mil., artillery trained to rapid evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or trained to spring upon the guns and caissons when they change position.
 Flying bridge, Flying camp. See under Bridge, and Camp.
 Flying buttress Arch., a contrivance for taking up the thrust of a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied only to the straight bar with supporting arch.
 Flying colors, flags unfurled and waving in the air; hence: To come off with flying colors, to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an undertaking.
 Flying doe Zool., a young female kangaroo.
 Flying dragon. (a) Zool. See Dragon, 6. (b) A meteor. See under Dragon.
 Flying Dutchman. (a) A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to sail the seas till the day of judgment. (b) A spectral ship.
 Flying fish. Zool. See Flying fish, in the Vocabulary.
 Flying fox Zool., see Flying fox in the vocabulary.
 Flying frog Zool., either of two East Indian tree frogs of the genus Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus nigrapalmatus and Rhacophorus pardalis), having very large and broadly webbed feet, which serve as parachutes, and enable it to make very long leaps.
 Flying gurnard Zool., a species of gurnard of the genus Cephalacanthus or Dactylopterus, with very large pectoral fins, said to be able to fly like the flying fish, but not for so great a distance.
 Note: Three species are known; that of the Atlantic is Cephalacanthus volitans.
 Flying jib Naut., a sail extended outside of the standing jib, on the flying-jib boom.
 Flying-jib boom Naut., an extension of the jib boom.
 Flying kites Naut., light sails carried only in fine weather.
 Flying lemur. Zool. See Colugo.
 Flying level Civil Engin., a reconnoissance level over the course of a projected road, canal, etc.
 Flying lizard. Zool. See Dragon, n. 6.
 Flying machine, any apparatus for navigating through the air, especially a heavier-than-air machine.
 Flying mouse Zool., the opossum mouse (Acrobates pygmæus), a marsupial of Australia.  Called also feathertail glider.
 Note: It has lateral folds of skin, like the flying squirrels, and a featherlike tail.
 Flying party Mil., a body of soldiers detailed to hover about an enemy.
 Flying phalanger Zool., one of several species of small marsuupials of the genera Petaurus and Belideus, of Australia and New Guinea, having lateral folds like those of the flying squirrels.  The sugar squirrel (Belideus sciureus), and the ariel (Belideus ariel), are the best known; -- called also squirrel petaurus and flying squirrel. See Sugar squirrel.
 Flying pinion, the fly of a clock.
 Flying sap Mil., the rapid construction of trenches (when the enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple trenching), by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and filled with earth.
 Flying shot, a shot fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing.
 Flying spider. Zool. See Ballooning spider.
 Flying squid Zool., an oceanic squid (Ommastrephes Bartramii syn. Sthenoteuthis Bartramii), abundant in the Gulf Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force that it often falls on the deck of a vessel.
 Flying squirrel Zool. See Flying squirrel, in the Vocabulary.
 Flying start, a start in a sailing race in which the signal is given while the vessels are under way.
 Flying torch Mil., a torch attached to a long staff and used for signaling at night.

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